Global carbon emissions rose nearly 3 percent in 2005, up more than a quarter from 1990 levels despite many governments’ pledges of cuts to fight global warming, a scientist who provides data for the US Department of Energy said, Reuters reported.
“The rate of acceleration is quite phenomenal,” said Gregg Marland, a senior staff scientist at the US Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), which supplies emissions data to governments, researchers and NGOs worldwide.
“Half of all of the emissions have been since 1980. I think people lose track of the rate of acceleration. You tend to think of (this as) something that’s been going on – it’s not,” he told Reuters on Thursday.
Rising emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases risk contributing to severe climate change, including increasing sea levels and extreme weather, many scientists say. They say dramatic cuts in emissions are needed by mid-century to reduce the scale of such changes, and the steep rise in emissions in recent years underscores the size of the task facing governments around the world.
The CDIAC estimates that global carbon emissions rose some 200 million tons to 7.9 billion tons in 2005, 28 percent above 1990 levels. This followed a rise of nearly 5 percent in 2004, it said.
The 2004 and 05 estimates were based on energy data published by the oil company BP, while its pre-2004 work used UN energy data. “The last couple of years are always subject to revision but I think they’re pretty sound,” Marland said.
Carbon dioxide is produced when people burn fossil fuels, such as coal and oil for heat, power and transport. Tough curbs will require an unprecedented increase in energy efficiency and low-carbon investment, for example in nuclear and renewable energy sources, says the International Energy Agency, which advises rich states.
Chief British government economist Nicholas Stern said in October that the world needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least a quarter by mid-century, and said immediate action would be much less costly than the economic depression that would result from inaction followed by severe climate change.
The Kyoto Protocol, the only global emissions policy now in force, requires a 5 percent cut in emissions from 1990 levels by 35 countries by 2012, but does not bind three of the four biggest emitters – the United States, which pulled out, India and China.
“If we’re really going to reduce emissions it’s going to take a lot more effort than is implied in the Kyoto Protocol,” said Marland. “There isn’t an easy way.”
He submitted the CDIAC data to a US congressional committee in September but the figures remain unpublished.
One difficulty in widening the scope of the Kyoto deal has been that of persuading rapidly developing countries like China and India to shoulder targets which they fear could put a brake on their explosive economic growth.
China could overtake the United States as the world’s No1 carbon emitter before 2010, but Marland reckons developed Western countries face some blame as they shift manufacturing offshore to lower-cost countries.
“They are importing lots of energy-intensive goods from Eastern Europe or from Asia – the emissions are ending up on somebody else’s account but it’s due to the economic activity of North America and Europe,” he said.