Advocates for a binding international climate treaty are hoping the upcoming United Nations talks in South Africa yield an agreement to maintain the Kyoto Accord's climate mitigation rules for the next few years and a commitment to enact a binding global agreement in the 2018 or 2020 time-frame, France's chief climate negotiator said Friday.

The hope is for "an agreement that would allow us to continue implementing Kyoto, but without the full legal force," said Paul Watkinson, the head of the climate negotiations team for France's Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing.

Watkinson said he also hopes governments will commit to a binding climate agreement in the 2018-2020 time-frame. Climate advocates have little hope for a binding international agreement imminently given political reluctance in the
U.S. , China and other key countries, he said.

Environmentalists have essentially dismissed the chance that this year's
Durban , South Africa climate talks will result in a strong binding international agreement to replace the Kyoto Accords when the agreement runs out at the end of 2012. But advocates of aggressive climate mitigation are focused on defining the expectations for the talks after the 2010 Copenhagen negotiations were widely seen as a huge failure. The two-week talks begin Nov. 28.

Some advocates of the climate mitigation fear the
Durban talks could end in a bitter stalemate and further impede progress on the issue. Many developing countries want the U.S. and other rich countries to embrace a Kyoto-style agreement, because it puts the onus for emissions cuts on developed countries. But the U.S. has said it won't commit to a binding agreement without the buy-in of China and other emerging countries.

Watkinson's remarks came shortly after a conference at Sciences Po that looked ahead to international climate negotiations.

Speakers cited numerous obstacles to international climate mitigation, ranging from weak political support in the
U.S. to the European sovereign debt crisis. At the same time, speakers noted there is much greater public awareness than in prior decades and that major international trade agreements have required decades of tough negotiation.

Watkinson said the
Kyoto mechanism was important to continue beyond 2012, but that there probably isn't time for governments to formally ratify a renewable of Kyoto , even if there was political will to do so.

"This could be a very difficult conference," Watkinson said of
Durban . "There's a lot of scope for argument."